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    Scientists at Pennsylvania State University, the first fly’s eye from the green to get the inspiration to improve the efficiency of the next generation of solar cells.

    The group is studying the use of fly cornea to create bionic surface or mimic the surface properties of biological tissue. The surface can be used for a variety of applications, including solar cells.

    Blowfly’s compound eye was hemispherical,sony PCGA-BP2E battery  hemispherical compound eyes of the inner surface is covered with hexagonal nanometer features eye. Photos from Pennsylvania State University Ashlesh Lakhtakia

    According to the researchers revealed that the eyes of the green head flies can be used in the manufacture of solar cells. The compound eyes of flies were hemispherical, hemispherical compound eyes of the inner surface covered with hexagonal eyes with nanometer features.

    Godfrey Binder Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics Akhlesha Lakhtakia said: “These eyes are used to manufacture solar cells on the perfect material, because they can collect a greater range of more sunshine, not just fall a plane of light. ”

    However, the surface must be fine enough to keep the overall design in order to successfully manufacture the product. Therefore, Lakhtakia and his colleagues to develop a plan to create nanometer features to retain a huge mold.

    Researchers in nine blowfly eye array coated 250-nanometer nickel coating, the glass substrate fixed cornea and fill in the bottom of the poly-dimethyl siloxane - a silicon-based organic polymer This will not leak to the nickel-eyes behind.

    Then, they form a vacuum chamber by thermal evaporation coating materials, the deposition of nickel on the surface. Object receiving the coating will be attached to a rack, this rack will rotate once every two seconds.

    This process will create a 50 mm thick master template that can be used as a mold or copy the pattern shown in Figure Chapter mold. Scientists aim to use the main template to further production of other molds and dies, as well as the template attached to the large area of the tile template.

    The group will expand its template to contain 30 green head flies the cornea. Once they have the template, and its tiled together, this will create a greater surface to for the manufacture of solar cells.

    To achieve commercialization of new energy vehicles, the world is engaged in a heated race. My current “competition” is “starting no later than the development does not slow, but the foundation is not strong, the gap still.” CPPCC Standing Committee, Tsinghua University Automotive Safety and Energy National Laboratory Director, Professor Ouyang Minggao attended yesterday’s “second electric vehicles battery and motor technology international seminar”, the making of this brilliant general.

    Professor Kao Ming Ouyang cited research from the forefront of an example: the heart as a pure electric vehicle components, single cells in the laboratory test is good, but once installed in the vehicle is actually running, the battery efficiency flew down 50%. “This is the battery system integration technical problems. To include electricity management, thermal management, including, local automotive industry has always been the weak link.”

    Whether through research and development of new energy vehicles, to fight a national auto industry turnaround? Number of experts at the seminar, to be listed as new economic growth point national energy security strategy and an important measure, the new energy automotive industry, is not only a landmark technological revolution, it will launch a brand new car sales model: the future, we are likely to enter the “bare buy cars, rent the battery” era.

    Battery development is also to see “research”

    The next 5 years, new energy automotive R & D, technology research will be to usher in golden era undisputed. Experts say that, at present, the United States, Japan and the European Union and other major countries have electric cars Shengchan Incentive policies have set the 了, Jiataiyanfa production inputs, and Zhi Ding a very meticulous in development planning and objectives.

    A closer look at the national strategic plan, is a key node in 2015. America’s goal is 2015 to 1 million new energy vehicles from the roads. And according to the Japanese plan to promote industry in 2015 is the critical period of research and development to meet the high-end batteries for small electric cars and the production cost greatly reduced. The EU will reduce vehicle carbon dioxide emissions through legislative directives, the promotion of new energy vehicle technology research. By 2015, the European average emissions from new cars 180 grams of carbon dioxide per kilometer to 130 grams per kilometer by 2020 down to 95 grams.

    Needless to say, around two key power battery and motor technology, a global competition to expand their market situation has been formed.

    U.S. Department of Energy expert Larry participants revealed that U.S. President Barack Obama himself announced in August last year set aside 2.4 billion U.S. dollars, rewards new energy automotive batteries and related research and development. In addition, the United States have developed a package of new energy vehicles to support the plan, even the top universities in the United States special race car technology research, vocational schools in the United States, additional related courses, training for new energy vehicles in all stages and levels of R & D personnel.

    “From a technical research point of view, the United States is not necessarily the leader, but as the United States has always been set on the Combination of a virtuous circle mechanism, this is the ‘terrible’ of.” Domestic auto parts manufacturers a head SO listening Larry finished the speech can not help feeling, now, the domestic research and development of new energy vehicles in fact still in the “one hot” state: national ministries are in a hurry, carts enterprises remain calm, but in this new industry chain, many SMEs still as stragglers. “Everyone wants a piece, but suffered from technical no, they cling to is not on the universities, research institutions engaged in research and development, and finally Nongbu Hao is a low level of vicious competition.”

    Car battery account for almost half the cost of

    Before it was calculated that an account: to buy electric cars, but the cost of photovoltaic cells accounted for half of the car, so many businesses launched buy “bare rental car + battery” approach. Cost savings for consumers. Cost-effective. Because: the high cost of new energy vehicles a short time scale production of the main reasons. In this regard, part-time national “Eleventh Five-Year” 863 (energy saving and new energy vehicles) the overall group of major projects, Professor Kao Ming Ouyang experts explained that the acquisition cost of new energy vehicles significantly higher than conventional cars, the price increment part of the main driving force cell, accounting for almost half of the total cost.

    In order to overcome the high cost of the “roadblocks”, Ouyang Ming felt that the most likely new energy vehicles in future implementation of the “naked sales + rental car battery”, a new business model, which sold without battery sales, this car cost the consumer cars can be quite traditional. But for pure battery electric vehicles to use, not only purchasing high cost, and involve centralized charging, battery maintenance, and scrap processing, so Battery comes partially future business operations by specialized in the management of. Consumers will lease the battery, power is low to the operator’s premises can be replaced with new batteries.

    Experts in the same time to develop the battery leasing, the national grid is to respond positively to increasing new energy vehicle charging station construction, by dot, line, surface integration, settlement and charging of new energy vehicles logistic problems. Built in 27 provinces and cities in 75 power plants and more than 6000 charging cradle pile; 2011, 2016, will build 400 electric vehicle charging station, electric vehicle charging network formed; in 2020 will be built 10,000 electric vehicle charging station fully operational charge piles supporting the building into a full electric vehicle charging network.

    So, the development of new energy vehicles, in doing R & D, design, production, sales and so on, but also focus on the relevant supporting battery and charging station network engineering construction. Under the theme of energy-saving environmental protection, steady development!

    Within the first notebook battery power exhaustion. With the more clean and better. And then to find some good absorbent paper (I use napkins), the battery pack up. Then the whole of the battery box into the refrigerator freezer to (not frozen), put 3 days, then take it out 2 days at room temperature decentralization. wait for the battery thaw. so when the battery return to room temperature, and then threw it out of the refrigerator .2 days later, at room temperature for 3 days, dell inspiron 1100 battery put them in laptop charging.  Notebook battery capacity drop solution development team approach

    My notebook is basically installed in the notebook, and one to prevent accidental power outage, resulting in his work in vain. Secondly, can also play a role in protecting your computer. Every night I go to bed is holding the computer, battery will look at a movie or novel (with a wireless network), and then sleep. but a long time (soon 2 years). found to decrease battery life. with software testing, and find a 45% decline in capacity you can only use a word within an hour. Then find a lot of ways, no way to lose 45% of the capacity to look back.

    Last month, read the article about cell phone battery maintenance, so I opened Dayton hut. In accordance with the method, you can restore the capacity of the battery to 90% or more, and now used for nearly a month, and no Sha problem. Is speak out and share with everyone, hopefully more useful to everyone. specific approach is the first notebook battery power exhaustion. with the more clean and better. and then to find some good absorbent paper (I use napkins) , the battery pack up. then the whole of the battery box into the freezer to the refrigerator (not frozen), put 3 days, then take it out 2 days at room temperature decentralization. wait for the battery thaw. so when the battery return to room temperature, then .2 days later thrown out of the refrigerator, at room temperature for 3 days, put into the laptop charging. at a time when attention to the battery installed and copper on the surface of the water all get a clean. is full, you re-use the software under test to see the battery capacity back to 90% of the. with the time and battery life up to two and a half hours or more of the. happy now!

U.S. researchers have recently discovered laptop battery that selenium, “the mystery. If the production of raw materials to the solar cell of zinc oxide added, “SE”, which can help improve the efficiency of solar cells absorb sunlight.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, scientists from the United States has told local media that “Selenium” raw materials for solar cells incorporated into zinc oxide, in such a compound in the formation of “It” was 9 %.

If production of solar cells using this material, which can absorb sunlight more efficiently and take advantage of energy. However, this method allows the absorption of solar cells has increased the number, the researchers did not specify.

Malimaier in the study, said zinc oxide is a relatively inexpensive conversion of solar photovoltaics, solar cells will become cheaper and easier.

3 An optical company and a leading U.S. company Emcore CPV in the Wuhu Economic and Technological Development Zone, set up joint venture money invested, “three subjects photovoltaic limited liability company.” The joint venture will mainly produce the third generation of photovoltaic products - high-concentrator solar laptop battery  (the HCPV).

The: 3 An optical funded 18 million U.S. dollars, Emcore invested 12 million U.S. dollars, the two sides were holding ratio of 60% and 40%.

HCPV as the third generation of solar power systems and broad prospects.

Concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) technology, is through the lens to enlarge the solar energy received hundreds of times, and then enlarge the energy to focus on high efficiency, small size of the photovoltaic cells on photoelectric conversion.

Condenser battery commonly used III-V compound semiconductor (eg: AsGa) as the epitaxial layer, mainly because of III-V family compound with good heat dissipation, radiation good advantage, but the traditional crystalline silicon as heat dissipation problem can not be applied. The conversion efficiency, the theory of crystalline silicon solar cell conversion efficiency of about 25%. Conversion efficiency of the current industrialization of 16% -18% at the level of the multi-junction III-V family of cell theory of more than 60% conversion rate, conversion efficiency of the current industrialization has increased to 40% conversion efficiency of the great advantages is that people concerned about the CPV important factors. In addition, by concentrating CPV technology, multi-cell concentrator hundreds of times a multiple of the area that light can be so reduced to one per cent, compared with the traditional crystalline silicon cells can save a lot of raw materials, this can reduce the solar power system production costs and energy consumption, make concentrating solar energy system has a shorter recovery period.

Help companies to seize the lead investment CPV industry position.

An optical current use of three germanium, gallium arsenide, gallium indium phosphorus 3 different semiconductor materials three pn junction solar cell, could be the sun light from blue light, infrared and visible light absorption of the whole spectrum. This multi-junction concentrator solar cells can reach multiples of 1,000 times to 2,000 times, after the condenser, the conversion efficiency of 30% can be based on further increase of 8% to 10%, it can be said with the industry in technology conditions, and because of GaAs epitaxial layer and the LED wafer production process is similar, the company can experience in the field of LED extension to a multi-junction CPV batteries go, reducing the company’s exploration in process of time, instead of more The focus on system design.

Lithium-ion sony VGP-BPS21 battery is divided into two phases: the first constant current charging, to close to constant charge termination voltage, which is a 800mAh capacity battery, the termination of charging voltage 4.2V. Batteries 800mA (charge rate of 1C) constant current charge, the beginning of the slope of the battery voltage to a larger step, when the battery voltage approaches 4.2V, the 4.2V constant voltage charging change, the current gradually decreased and the voltage changes little to the charge current reduced to 1/10C (about 80mA), the view that close to full, you can terminate the charge (some chargers to 1/10C start timer, over a certain time after the end of the charge). Lithium-ion battery during charging or discharging the event of overcharge, over discharge or over-current, it will cause damage or reduce the battery life.

 Often see this argument, because the number of charging and discharging is limited, so it should be possible to run out of phone battery power recharging. But I found one on lithium-ion battery charge and discharge cycle test table, on the cycle life data is as follows:

Cycle life (10% DOD):> 1000 times

Cycle life (100% DOD):> 200 times

Which DOD is the depth of discharge the initials. Can be seen from the table, number of charge cycles and the depth of discharge, 10% DOD cycle life than when the 100% DOD for much longer. Of course, if the actual charge equivalent to the relative total capacity: 10% * 1000 = 100,100% * 200 = 200, which the full charge and discharge is better than some, but users of that claim to do in front of some of : In normal case, you should have reservation in accordance with the remaining battery charge runs out and the principle of full charge, but if your battery is expected in the first two days you can not adhere to the time of the day, you should start charging a timely manner, of course, if you are willing to back the charger to the office has a different matter.

Energy development laptop battery in recent years, Hyundai Depot spectacular few decades has been ranked sixth largest world car, will this result in more rapid pace of new vehicles outside the R & D, technology development does not fall later in the future development of alternative energy, for example, modern but also very positive.

Funds modern current emphasis on alternative energy research and development of fuel cell technology, although some time in the eight, but has invested considerable manpower and are, therefore eight cell power Fuel first 3HP progress now 134hp. In April this year at the Seoul Motor Show in the Hyundai Tucson, powered by fuel cell technology newly developed, fuel cells are configured rear wheel drive engine, producing 27hp horses 10,000 pounds per square inch pressure hydrogen storage, and can travel 375 miles.

Tucson fuel cell vehicles, but this preliminary stage to the wheels of battery power only 48% of transmission, modern hope this ratio to 60%, and the temperature at 22 degrees Fahrenheit in the workplace. In addition, modern hope to achieve by 2010 the annual production of 10,000 performance and year 2015 can also import a lot of production.

Expo this year, the practice of new energy laptop battery bus zone Expo fairly obvious over 150 new energy vehicles, with buses running, no nasty petrol fumes, but there is no noise, so that visitors were very happy. Is this the future development of the transportation experience in low carbon economy.

bus low carbon “very refreshing” laptop battery

Shanghai Bus (Group) Co., Ltd. Hung Jen-president and general manager, said the start of Expo underway, the bus center in the nation to low-carbon most advanced, is the last of achievements in the development of new energy vehicles presentation concentrated.

The Expo will have over 1,000 new energy vehicles in the scene of the World Expo in and around the race, is the most important event in the world of new energy vehicles running, including 120 bus capacity pure 36 passengers and six super capacitor hydrogen buses.

Hung Jen-first, as expected, train and bus 4 percent of all passengers bear park, take the ferry in two. But statistics show that more than half the journey Expo, buses take more than 75% of traffic: “The results have exceeded expectations.”

City bus line system operations were over 16,000 units of vehicles, the average daily flow of travelers from more than 700 million euros, while Expo bus low-carbon, the maximum commitment of time about 900,000 passengers. Hung Jen-first said: “Expo Area 1% of vehicles with the city, take the tenth of a passenger.”

Liu entered the public visited the Expo 10 times, mostly in the park, take the bus. He said, take public transportation to low-carbon public feeling “fresh.” “There is no pollution, noise is minimal.”

Expect revolution in battery technology

■ EXPO electric buses, each with advantages and disadvantages

Although the super capacitor charge faster bus, but the reserves are small, and charging 25% of its energy into heat energy, causing energy waste. Hong Ren said the beginning of the current use of point of view, the relatively low cost super capacitor.

Expo Boulevard line with the car super capacitor, before the passengers in the bus 11 on the highway operations, capacity through technology upgrades continues the extension of 4 km, the original of each station must be raised by a “pigtail” free 1 minute, now Station Road, then two or three on a single charge.

Pure capacity buses, large reserves, but charge a long time, unable to meet the needs of continuous operation.

■ The canalization of the river, national development using the bus pure capacity

When the battery to reach the minimum deposit, the pilot pulls the price of the room charge. A total of 120 charging stations equipped with battery backup group can be transferred in time, just answer the request. charging time of battery is more than two hours, after adequate travel about 80 km.

Hung Jen-first said: “Both technologies still need to improve and we look forward to a revolution of the battery.” EXPO low carbon buses for the future of low carbon public transport, provision of technical support and data. low carbon future, buses will increase the quality and reliability. “But the development of new energy bus takes time. Originally upgraded to diesel fuel, used for 10 years. However, upgrading of new energy, it will take time.”

He also said that the recent development of low carbon direction of public transport are hybrids. The benefits are increased fuel efficiency, the relative effect of the environment is good. For example, the launch will not be “black smoke”, idling time and reduce oil consumption.

With the new energy laptop battery policy to support the introduction of vehicle batteries, lithium should pave the way for a period of rapid development in the upstream resources of the industry chain enterprises Lithium enter a golden age. In anticipation of the agent, some listed companies have scrambled to expand the production capacity of lithium carbonate, and determined the upper limit in the areas of lithium carbonate.

Demand “underlying outbreak”

Early in July, from Beijing to Tianjin, Jiangsu Province to Shanghai, Fujian Province, Shenzhen, Guangxi and Sichuan, have all set up to build a new energy vehicle charging station, which Beijing has also published its first electric vehicle charging station standards, and Shanghai later this year extension 360 charger, 3 years to reach 5,000. Under the plan, the State Grid Corporation will be charging stations 2015 1700 public and three million cell load share. lithium battery charging station, on one hand the demand for these commodities, on the other hand lead to the rapid expansion of new energy vehicles, thereby pulling the market for lithium batteries.

China International Capital Corporation Limited studies have reported that the new energy vehicles, driven by demand for lithium batteries, lithium carbonate becomes the main driver of growth in world demand for lithium carbonate in 2010 increased 10% to 75,598 tons, 2010-2013 compound annual growth rate of 16%.

Very surprising that the price of lithium carbonate are present in calm water. However, the application “underlying outbreak” of the building, many companies have been targeting the lithium batteries, if the potential demand occurs, the relevant listed company profits will mark the beginning of a new era. Currently in the domestic capital market at least note the mining in Tibet, CITIC Guoan Group, the three companies, and Salt Lake.

Smart Grid National Grid is currently the focus of building orientation, energy storage technology is a core technology of smart grid. The sodium sulfur laptop battery energy storage because of its large capacity, small size, energy storage and conversion efficiency, long life, without geographical restrictions, etc, are very suitable for electrical energy storage use.

July 25, Shanghai Municipal Government and the State Grid Corporation in Shanghai and signed the “smart grid construction strategic cooperation agreement.” Shanghai Electric Group Corporation, Shanghai Electric Power Company and the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences signed the “sodium sulfur battery on promoting industrial cooperation letter of intent.” Member of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau, Shanghai Municipal Party Committee Secretary Yu Zhengsheng attended the ceremony. Shanghai Municipal Committee, mayor Han Zheng, the State Grid Corporation of party secretary, Liu Zhenya, general manager of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Chun Yin and delivered speeches respectively.

Mr Han said the smart grid and other strategic development of new industries, building a strong intelligence network, is to accelerate the inevitable changes in the way of economic development options, the implementation of national energy strategy is an important measure. Shanghai will strive to become functional application of smart grid demonstration base, key technologies and major equipment manufacturing R & D base base. Shanghai has been the development of smart grid technology as an important aspect of high-tech industries, on the smart grid applications, R & D and industrialization of its full support. Shanghai will fully cooperate with the State Grid Corporation launched construction of a strong smart grid work, fully rely on the role of the Chinese Academy of science and technology support, and promote smart grid in Shanghai R & D and industrialization of key technologies to achieve a breakthrough.